Pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia; pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment and prevention of renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases or disorders; pharmaceutical preparations for reducing potassium levels; non-absorbed pharmaceutical preparations, namely, pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia and renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine disorders; polymeric pharmaceutical preparations, namely, pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia and renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine disorders