Software; software for data storage, data backup, data archiving, data retrieval, data security, data compression, storage tiering, and network communication; software for managing settings such as retention, encryption, compression, de-duplication, and digital fingerprinting; software that manages storage workflows based on settings, storing and moving data across different storage tiers, namely online disk tiers, nearline tiers, offline tiers, and off-site tiers; software that runs on computer hardware and data storage devices, namely, network attached storage, data archive systems that replicate and archive computer data, data backup systems that backup and restore computer data, cartridge libraries, robotic storage libraries or blank computer disk cartridges; and software for storage-as-a- service