Apparatus for authentication and validation of cash, currency and documents; apparatus for counting and measuring of cash, currency and documents; apparatus for determining and sorting the quality and fitness for use of cash, currency and documents; apparatus for determining and selecting the weight and value of cash, currency and documents; banknote and paper document recycling apparatus and modules related thereto; cash, currency and documents deposit apparatus; ATMs; automated and assisted banking kiosks; bill paying apparatus; cash registers; calculating machines; apparatus and instruments for handling banking and/or financial transactions; apparatus and instruments for handling and dispensing cash and currency; automated and assisted apparatus for banking and financial transactions; cash/currency sorting apparatus and instruments; payment servers; paper document handling equipment; cash and currency management apparatus and instruments and software for use therewith; electronic readers, encoders and terminals for recording and processing transactions of value; readers, encoders and terminals for facilitating the transfer of funds electronically; card dispensers, encoders, readers and terminals; apparatus and instruments for dispensing, reading and encoding tickets, cards and tokens; apparatus and instruments for encoding and reading data-carrying media; apparatus and instruments for encoding and reading magnetic and/or optical data carriers; data carriers; magnetic data carriers; optical data carriers; computer chips; data carrying apparatus; security apparatus and instruments; surveillance apparatus and instruments, closed circuit television apparatus; alarms, access control apparatus and instruments, apparatus and instruments all for detecting coded, hidden or embedded markings; apparatus and instruments for detecting anti-counterfeiting features; magnetic recording and magnetic reading heads, magnetic ink detectors, optical marking detectors, apparatus and instruments all for encoding and processing cards, threads, disks and tapes; web servers; internet software; bill payment software; invoicing software, financial and value transaction software; apparatus and instruments for verifying personal identification and document authenticity; apparatus and instruments for monitoring cash machines and ATMs; computer hardware and software related to the aforesaid; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods

Financial services in relation to weighing, checking, measuring, counting, dispensing, depositing and authentication of cash, documents, cards and currency