Computers, planning software, in particular internet- or intranet-based planning software and programs for neurosurgical, orthopaedic and radiotherapeutic or radiosurgical applications, in particular for robot-assisted applications as well as for applications in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery and applications for three-dimensionally registering and/or referencing patient positioning data by producing light markings, in particular light reflection points, by means of light emitters; planning software and programs for characterising structures in patient data sets produced using medical image forming apparatus such as computer tomographs, magnetic resonance tomographs, ultrasound apparatus, and x-ray apparatus; planning software and programs for indicating contours of anatomical structures in image displays of sectional patient images, as well as for automatically recognising complete structures on the basis of indicated individual contours; data carriers including planning software and programs for neurosurgical, orthopaedic and radiotherapeutic or radiosurgical applications as well as for applications in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, in particular robot-assisted applications and applications for three-dimensionally registering and/or referencing patient positioning data by producing light markings, in particular light reflection points, by means of light emitters; light pointers, laser light pointers, infrared light pointers, in particular for applications for three-dimensionally registering and/or referencing patient positioning data by producing light markings, in particular light reflection points, by means of light emitters.

Electric and electronic apparatus and image presenting apparatus for medical applications, in particular medical and/or surgical robots, also for application in image-guided localisation systems for surgical applications; neurosurgical instruments and apparatus; medical or surgical robots and accessories, namely control devices for medical or surgical robots; control boxes, instrument adaptors, tool holders, adaptors for endoscopes and microscopes, connection cables; radiotherapeutic or radiosurgical apparatus; medical devices for detecting and adjusting radiation points for medical purposes and systems and components for positioning patients precisely for radiotherapeutic, radiosurgical or neurosurgical applications, including collimators, multi-leaf-collimators and micro-multi-leaf-collimators for adjusting and forming beam forms in radiotherapeutic and radiosurgical applications, infrared and video cameras and accessories, included in this class; patient markings, control computers, monitors, isocentre phantoms, calibration phantoms, patient trays, head holders and adaptors, vacuum pumps, vacuum cushions, referencing stars, ultrasound phantoms and ultrasound adaptors, x-ray registration kits; magnetic resonance tomographs; medical devices and instruments, namely intra-operative, image-guided localisation devices for surgical applications, in particular for neurosurgical, orthopaedic, stereotactic and radiosurgical applications and for applications in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, consisting of cameras, monitors, image presenting apparatus, computers, reference clamps, laser pointers, surgical instruments, registration markers and marker spheres, body markers, cannulae, laptops, docking stations, panel parts, headsets, headrings, remote control devices, probes, sensors, instrument adaptors, virtual keyboards, dental referencing units, laser pointers, phantom pointers; systems for software-controlled precision treatment in neurosurgery, orthopaedics, radiotherapy, radiosurgery and in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, consisting of localizers, stereotactic and neurosurgical arcs, biopsy kits, fixation adaptors, instrument calibration matrices and fixation rings, planning stations, computers, couch mounts, collimators, target positioners, film holders, mask systems, couch stabilizers, couch adaptors, radiation apparatus, linear accelerators, gantries, microscope adaptors, fixation pins, head and neck immobilization units; instruments and apparatus for marking structures in patient data sets produced using medical image capturing apparatus such as computer tomographs, tomographs, ultrasound apparatus, and x-ray apparatus; instruments and apparatus for three-dimensionally registering and/or referencing patient positioning data by producing light markings, in particular light reflection points, by means of light emitters, in particular infrared light emitters or light pointers or laser light emitters; light pointers for medical purposes; laser light pointers for medical purposes; infrared laser light pointers for medical purposes.