Balloon catheters for use in vertebral augmentation; balloon catheter systems for use in vertebral augmentation, comprised of a vertebral body balloon catheter, vertebral body balloons, a device for inflation of vertebral body balloon, trocars, cannulated trocars, guide wires, and surgical access instrumentation; vertebral augmentation access kits comprised of cannulas, vertebral augmentation access working sleeves, vertebral augmentation access drills, and vertebral augmentation access plungers; surgical apparatus for positioning bone cement in the living body and for applying bone cement