Computer hardware and software for facilitating scheduled and ad-hoc teleconferencing for telecommunications gateway applications, namely, audio and video conferencing via local area networks and via a global computer network, for audio and video streaming, for data collaboration and database integration, for web-based collaboration, and for interactive voice response applications; teleconferencing systems, namely, operator units, electric telephone switches, bridges, computer interface boards, ISDN integrated circuits, Ethernet interface cards, electrical power supplies, routers, and computer controls; integrated management and teleconferencing software for managing scheduled and ad-hoc conference calls