Audio signal processing apparatus; video signal processing apparatus; television standards converters; video processing, recording and reproduction apparatus; apparatus for the transfer of film material to video; amplifiers, buffers, distributors, signal generators and converters, all for use with audio signals, video signal or combinations of audio and video signals; video tapes and discs; television coders and decoders; apparatus for the generation of digital video effects; video distributors and mixers; apparatus for the conversion of a video signal for the purposes of display in a television; software for use with all the aforesaid; computer software and computer hardware, all for producing video effects; electronic apparatus for television broadcast and television studios; parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods