Cell culture apparatus for laboratory use, namely, microfluidic chips, organ-on-chip platforms, lab-on-a-chip platforms; computer-controlled apparatus for testing and measuring pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, environmental health and safety, diseases; computer-controlled electronic apparatus for electrophysiological measurement and testing of cells; plates, glass slides or chips having multi-well arrays that can be used in chemical analysis, biological analysis or patterning for scientific, laboratory or medical research use; sensor chips for scientific use; system on a chip (SoC).