Surgical grafts (biomaterial), absorbable implants, eye sphere implants, extraocular orbital implants, keratoprosthesis, intraocular lenses, scleral shells, eye valve implants, powered corneal burrs, intraocular lens guides, artificial eyes, ophthalmic lasers, ophthalmic surgical markers, artificial skin, medical endoscopes, artificial organs, artificial breasts, artificial prosthesis, surgical apparatus and instruments, ophthalmic instruments, ophthalmic scopes, prosthesis (intraocular lenses) for surgical implantation, medical apparatus and instruments, testing apparatus for medical purposes