Television, video and other image processing apparatus; communication apparatus; home theatre apparatus; audio signal processing apparatus; video signal processing apparatus; video processing, recording and reproduction apparatus; video, audio and video and audio signal testing, monitoring, recording and reproducing and processing apparatus; television standards converters; apparatus for the transfer of film material to video; amplifiers, buffers, distributors, signal generators and convertors, all for use with audio signals, video signals and combinations of audio and video signals; video tapes and discs; signal coders and decoders; apparatus for the generation of digital video effects; video distributors and mixers; apparatus for the conversion of a video signal for the purposes of display in a television; computer software and computer hardware, all for producing video effects; electronic apparatus for television broadcast and/or television studios; computer software and computer hardware for use with the aforesaid goods; audio, video and audio and video signals