Medical devices and apparatus for percutaneous distraction of the spine, namely, preparatory and delivery tools for preparing, distracting and immobilizing spinal joints; medical devices and apparatus, namely, delivery tools for distracting spinal joints; medical devices and apparatus, namely, delivery tools for positioning spinal implants; spinal implants composed of artificial material for distraction of spinal joints; spinal implants composed of artificial material for implantation in spinal joints; medical devices and apparatus, namely, anchoring materials for maintaining the position of spinal implants; medical devices and apparatus, namely, anchoring materials for maintaining the distracted position of spinal joints; medical devices and apparatus, namely, spinal joint decortication tools; medical devices and apparatus, namely, delivery tools for spinal joint grafting material; kits for percutaneous distraction of the spine comprising the foregoing; medical devices, namely, tools for decortication of spinal joints; medical devices, namely, tools for delivery of natural or artificial bone grafting materials; structural parts for all the foregoing