Research and development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields; research and development in the field of nutritional products for the improvement and maintenance of health; research and development in the field of amino acids, amino acid biology, and amino acid therapeutics; research and development in the field of medical foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary and nutritional supplements; research and development in the field of pharmaceutical preparations and agents for the treatment or prevention of diseases, disorders and conditions associated with amino acid dysregulation, disruption of cellular homeostasis, protein energy dysfunction, the muscular system, the skeletal system, the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, the hematological system, the respiratory system, the hepatobiliary system, the gastrointestinal system, the endocrine system, the urinary system, the reproductive system, the immune system, the integumentary system, and muscle, bones, joints, and whole body movement; research and development in the field of pharmaceutical preparations and agents for the treatment or prevention of muscle loss, metabolic conditions and diseases, gastrointestinal conditions and diseases, neurological conditions and diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, inflammatory conditions and diseases, genetic conditions and diseases, muscle diseases and disorders, hepatic conditions and diseases, fibrosis, malnutrition, atrophic diseases and conditions, epilepsy, sarcopenia, myopathies, neuropathies, neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, concussion, movement disorders, dystrophies, anemias, and orphan diseases