Apparatus and equipment for information processing; computers, computer peripherals; material components of computer and/or electronic systems (hardware), material components of autonomous computer and/or electronic systems, material components of peripheral computer and/or electronic systems, material components of contactless computer and/or electronic systems; software and in particular software for use in chips; integrated circuits and microcircuits, for memory cards; software in particular for the areas of finance, leisure, games, ticketing, telecommunications, accuracy, education, identification, access control, pay-security, health, medicine, transport, metering, measurement, closed environments, localization and information technologies; software for card readers; software permitting programs to be written for electronic chip cards, card readers and for apparatus and equipment using chip cards; computer programs; programs and operating systems for chip card readers; encoding and microprogramming systems; coders and decoders; chips, integrated circuits, printed circuits, microcircuits, electronic chip cards, cards with integrated circuits, microcircuit cards, memory cards, magnetic cards, electronic cards, contactless cards, plastic cards, biodegradable cards, subscriber identification cards; electronic wallets; card readers, readers of chip cards, cards with integrated circuits or microcircuits; apparatus and equipment operating with chip cards, cards with integrated circuits or microcircuits; tags for radio frequencies, readers for radio frequencies, ready-to-fit sets of components for radio frequencies, identification batches for radio frequencies; tags with electronic chips, microcircuits, with integrated circuits, with electronic memory, without contact; plastic tags; biodegradable tags, electronic tag readers; electric or electronic components, in particular semiconductors, devices with semiconductors and microprocessors; access devices and access control devices for apparatus and equipment for information processing; identification and authentication devices for apparatus and equipment for information processing; apparatus and equipment enabling access to the telephone network; devices for access, access control, identification and authentication in relation to the telephone network; telephone devices; decrypting and encrypting programs and circuits, networks for interfacing between card or tag readers and data from transmission lines or computers; transponders; and user manuals supplied therewith