Teaching apparatus and instruments; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; data processing equipment and computers; magnetic encoded cards; computer hardware, software and peripherals, data acquisition, data communications; video transmission line apparatus and television receivers; security systems, video surveillance, intercom systems; data processing apparatus; smart cards; apparatus for games adapted for use with television receivers; identity cards, integrated circuit cards; intercommunication apparatus; interfaces for computers; laptop computers; modems, monitoring apparatus, notebook computers; palmtop computers; data processing equipment and readers; receivers (audio and video); receivers (telephone); satellites for scientific purposes; video alarms; video telephones; computer programs for connecting to remote computers and computer networks; computer programs for searching the contents of remote computers and computer networks; computer programs for transmitting and receiving data and files to and from remote computers and computer networks; computer programs for assisting users in navigating through local and global computer networks; computer software used in business and security applications in the field of computer operating systems and computer networks