About 19 Trademarks found for “REALMS”
Filters
Mark | Details | Status | Class/Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|
REALMS 773275 16 Sept 1998 | Removed - Not renewed: Renewal fee not paid | Real estate services Class 036 Class 036 Insurance & Financial Services Real estate services | ||
Rogues & Realms 2360443 29 May 2023 | Registered: Registered/protected | Computer games cartridges; Computer game programs; Computer programs f... Class 009 Class 009 Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products Computer games cartridges; Computer game programs; Computer programs for playing games; Program discs for video games; Program discs for computers; Interactive entertainment software for use with computers; Computer game software, downloadable; Computer game software, recorded; Computer games entertainment software; Video game programs (software); Games software; Video game cartridges; Video games programs recorded on magnetic media; Pre-recorded videos; Video recordings; Audio recordings; E-books; Audio books | ||
AFTER REALMS Luke Wolf Games Australia 2233726 4 Dec 2021 | Registered: Registered/protected | Computer game software, downloadable; Computer game software, recorded... Class 009 Class 009 Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products Computer game software, downloadable; Computer game software, recorded; Computer games programs; Video game computer programs; Computer games entertainment software | ||
VR REALMS Bubble Gum Interactive Pty Ltd 2107480 30 Jul 2020 | Registered: Registered/protected | Game services provided online from a computer network; Computer based ... Class 041 Class 041 Education and Entertainment Services Game services provided online from a computer network; Computer based training; Computerised training; Electronic games services provided by means of the Internet; Gambling services; Gaming services; Instruction services; Live entertainment; Provision of non-downloadable games on the Internet; Technological education services | ||
FORGOTTEN REALMS Wizards of the Coast LLC 2033000 27 Aug 2019 | Registered: Registered/protected | Printed matter, namely books and fantasy novels,Toys, games and playth... Class 016 Class 016 Paper Goods and Printed Material Printed matter, namely books and fantasy novels Class 028 Class 028 Toys and Sporting Goods Products Toys, games and playthings | ||
OTHER REALMS 1965907 31 Oct 2018 | Registered: Registered/protected | production of animated films and cartoons; motion picture production; ... Class 041 Class 041 Education and Entertainment Services production of animated films and cartoons; motion picture production; production of entertainment videos Class 042 Class 042 Computer & Software Services & Scientific Services illustration services (design); graphic arts design | ||
MINECRAFT REALMS Microsoft Corporation 1642204 20 Dec 2013 | Protected: Registered/protected | Computer software; computer and video games software; interactive ente... Class 009 Class 009 Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products Computer software; computer and video games software; interactive entertainment software; computer software downloaded or downloadable; electronic publications; computer software publications downloaded; data recorded electronically from the Internet; data recorded in machine readable form from the Internet; discs, tapes, cartridges, CD-ROMs, DVDs and other magnetic, electronic or optical media, all bearing computer games, software and/or audio visual content; software applications; website applications; digital games; computer peripherals; and optically recorded data for computers; software and apparatus for downloading, transmitting, receiving, providing, publishing, extracting, encoding, decoding, reading, storing and organizing audiovisual, videographic and written data; computer software for gathering, processing, monitoring, analysing, managing and/or reporting information; computer software for gathering, processing, monitoring, analysing, managing and/or reporting information concerning usage and performance of software, applications, computer and video games, websites, virtual worlds and audio visual content; computer software for gathering, processing, analysing, managing and reporting information concerning online, internet and web site activity; computer software for data mining, data query, data processing and data analysis; computer software for designing, developing, modifying and improving computer software, applications, computer and video games, websites and audio visual content and the marketing, promotion, sale, distribution, monetisation and operation of the foregoing; information stored on electronic, magnetic and/or by optical means; publications in electronic form supplied on-line from a database or from facilities provided on the Internet or other networks (including websites); electronic notice boards; online database; sound, video and data recordings; sunglasses; records, discs, tapes, cassettes, cartridges, cards and other carriers bearing or for use in bearing sound recordings, video recordings, data, images, games, graphics, text, programs or information; memory carriers; pre-recorded video, audio and data recording media; data carriers; telephones, communications and telecommunications apparatus; mobile telephone games; mobile telephone fascias and covers; non-printed publications; films and programmes prepared for television; refrigerator magnets; instructional and teaching materials in the form of apparatus and instruments; parts and fittings for the aforesaid goods Class 025 Class 025 Clothing Products Articles of clothing; footwear and headgear; t-shirts; shirts; trousers; sweatshirts; jackets; knitwear; hats; caps; baseball caps; neckwear; belts; scarves; gloves; sweat bands for wrists; shoes; socks; garments for women; garments for men; garments for children; apparel parts and fittings for all the aforesaid ... Class 028 Toys and Sporting Goods Products Games; toys; playthings; soft toys; board games; gymnastic and sporting articles; electronic toys and electronic games; handheld electronic games apparatus; slot machines and gaming devices; play sets and play cases; toy models; handheld games; playing cards; instructional and teaching materials in the form of games; balls; electronic amusement apparatus; amusement apparatus and instruments; amusement machines; parts, fittings and accessories for all the aforesaid goods Class 038 Communications Services Providing online access to computer networks, computer databases, the Internet, on-line bulletin boards, virtual worlds, servers, virtual worlds including user generated characters, and libraries of text, graphics and audio-visual and multimedia information and entertainment; providing on-line electronic bulletin board services and chat rooms; providing of an on-line service enabling physically remote players of electronic games to communicate with selected players; telecommunication and broadcasting services; broadcasting via the Internet, mobile phone networks and other telecommunications networks; telecommunication services for the collection and supply of information; electronic transmission of data and information via a global computer network; facilitating access to a worldwide computer and/or telecommunications networks for downloading computer software and information; transmission of information via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunication networks; providing access to remote data storage and servers; providing access to advertising, news, information and audio, video, text and other multimedia content, via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunications networks; provision of electronic communication links; provision of telecommunications connections and access to the Internet and/or computer databases; receipt and/or delivery of messages, documents and other data by electronic transmission; providing on-line chat room for transmission of messages among computer users concerning topics; communication and broadcasting of information and advertising by computer, computer terminals, the Internet, television, mobile communications device, telegraphy, telephone, wireless communications device or other electronic means; Internet communication services; audio visual communication services; communication services for the transmission of advertising, images, text and data, information, voices, sound and data; telecommunication and broadcasting services; broadcasting via the Internet, mobile phone networks and other telecommunications networks; electronic transmission of data and information via a global computer network; facilitating access to a worldwide computer and/or telecommunications networks for downloading computer software and information; transmission of information via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunication networks; providing access to advertising, news, information and audio, video, text and other multimedia content, via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunications networks; provision of electronic communication links; provision of telecommunications connections and access to the Internet and/or computer databases; receipt and/or delivery of messages, documents and other data by electronic transmission; communication and broadcasting of information and advertising by computer, computer terminals, the Internet, television, mobile communications device, telegraphy, telephone, wireless communications device or other electronic means; Internet communication services; audio visual communication services; communication services for the transmission of advertising, images, text and data, information, voices, sound and data; provision of information relating to communications; providing voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) peer-to-peer communications, electronic transmission of data and documents over computer terminals and instant messaging services; providing a high speed access to area networks and a global computer information network; provision of access to a website or communication network for users to share personal news, data, information, content, photos, audio and video, interests, activities and opinions and/or to receive feedback others; provision advisory and consultancy services relating to the foregoing Class 041 Education and Entertainment Services Entertainment and education services, in the form of electronic, computer and video games provided by means of the Internet, mobile telecommunications and other remote communications devices; internet games (non downloadable); organising of games; games (not downloadable) played via a global computer network; providing interactive and/or educational entertainment services; education and entertainment services provided by computer networks, television, mobile telephone, cable and other electronic means; presentation, preparation, editing and production of cinematographic, televisual, digital and motion picture films, radio and television programs; publishing of computer and video games and computer and video games software; provision of game player information, including information regarding a player's identity and the player's preferences, via the customised web pages; publishing of entertainment and/or educational software; arranging, organizing and conducting conferences and seminars for promotional purposes; entertainment services in the form of television programmes, radio, cable, satellite and Internet programmes; production and presentation of television programmes, shows, films, videos and DVDs; games, online games, educational services relating to entertainment; information relating to entertainment or education, provided on-line from a computer database or the Internet or by communications satellite, microwave or other electronic, digital or analogue media; publishing; organisation, production and presentation of events for educational, cultural or entertainment purposes; organisation, production and presentation of competitions, contests, games, game shows, quizzes, fun days, exhibitions, shows, roadshows, staged events, live performances and participation events; Internet based games; booking of tickets for entertainment events; information and advisory services relating to any of the aforesaid services; advisory and consultancy services in connection with the foregoing Class 045 Personal & Legal & Social Services Internet-based social networking services; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals; online social networking services; security services for the protection of property and individuals | ||
FORGOTTEN REALMS Wizards of the Coast LLC a Delaware Limited Liability Company 1537860 29 Jan 2013 | Registered: Registered/protected | Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optica... Class 009 Class 009 Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; electrical and electronic equipment in this class; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, computers; compact discs, DVDs and other digital recording media; computer hardware; computer software; application software; interactive entertainment software, including computer game software, computer game programs, computer game cartridges, computer game discs; interactive multimedia game programs; downloadable software for use in connection with computers, portable gaming devices, console gaming devices, communication devices and mobile telephones; video game software, video game programs, video game cartridges; video games discs, all for use in connection with computers; portable gaming devices, console game devices, communication devices and mobile telephones; pre-recorded compact discs, laser discs, video discs, all featuring games and films; portable electronic devices for receiving and reading text, images and sound through the Internet and for displaying electronically published materials; electronic publications (downloadable); printed publications in electronically readable form Class 041 Class 041 Education and Entertainment Services Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities; publication of books, magazines and journals; publication of electronic books and journals online; publication of multimedia material online; providing online electronic publications (not downloadable) | ||
REALMS OF THINKING The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane Trading as St Paul's School Bald Hills 2056629 18 Dec 2019 | Registered: Registered/protected | teaching materials for education,teacher training services; design of ... Class 016 Class 016 Paper Goods and Printed Material teaching materials for education Class 041 Class 041 Education and Entertainment Services teacher training services; design of educational courses, examinations and qualifications; mentoring (education and training); educational instruction; educational services provided by schools | ||
REALMS OF REVERIE Kabushiki Kaisha Square Enix (also trading as Square Enix Co., Ltd) 1236513 23 Apr 2008 | Registered: Registered/protected | Computer game software; video game software; sound recordings in the f... Class 009 Class 009 Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products Computer game software; video game software; sound recordings in the form of optical discs, magnetic discs and tapes, semiconductor ROMs featuring music and/or fictional stories; audio visual recordings in the form of optical discs, magnetic discs and tapes, semiconductor ROMs featuring music and/or animated fictional stories; prerecorded compact discs featuring music; prerecorded video discs featuring music and/or animated fictional stories; prerecorded video cassettes featuring music and/or animated fictional stories; decorative magnets; mouse pads; straps for cellular phones; sunglasses; blank memory cards; memory card cases; CD cases; computer keyboards; joysticks; video game controllers; downloadable wallpapers for computers and/or mobile phones; downloadable screensavers for computers and/or mobile phones; downloadable video recordings; downloadable musical sound recordings; downloadable ring tones for mobile phones; electronic publications in the field of computer games, video games, cartoons and general entertainment |
773275 · 16 Sept 1998
036
Class 036
Insurance & Financial Services
Real estate services
Real estate services
2360443 · 29 May 2023
009
Class 009
Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products
Computer games cartridges; Computer game programs; Computer programs for playing games; Program discs for video games; Program discs for computers; Interactive entertainment software for use with computers; Computer game software, downloadable; Computer game software, recorded; Computer games entertainment software; Video game programs (software); Games software; Video game cartridges; Video games programs recorded on magnetic media; Pre-recorded videos; Video recordings; Audio recordings; E-books; Audio books
Computer games cartridges; Computer game programs; Computer programs f...
Luke Wolf Games Australia
2233726 · 4 Dec 2021
009
Class 009
Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products
Computer game software, downloadable; Computer game software, recorded; Computer games programs; Video game computer programs; Computer games entertainment software
Computer game software, downloadable; Computer game software, recorded...
Bubble Gum Interactive Pty Ltd
2107480 · 30 Jul 2020
041
Class 041
Education and Entertainment Services
Game services provided online from a computer network; Computer based training; Computerised training; Electronic games services provided by means of the Internet; Gambling services; Gaming services; Instruction services; Live entertainment; Provision of non-downloadable games on the Internet; Technological education services
Game services provided online from a computer network; Computer based ...
Wizards of the Coast LLC
2033000 · 27 Aug 2019
016
Class 016
Paper Goods and Printed Material
Printed matter, namely books and fantasy novels
028
Class 028
Toys and Sporting Goods Products
Toys, games and playthings
Printed matter, namely books and fantasy novels,Toys, games and playth...
1965907 · 31 Oct 2018
041
Class 041
Education and Entertainment Services
production of animated films and cartoons; motion picture production; production of entertainment videos
042
Class 042
Computer & Software Services & Scientific Services
illustration services (design); graphic arts design
production of animated films and cartoons; motion picture production; ...
Microsoft Corporation
1642204 · 20 Dec 2013
009
Class 009
Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products
Computer software; computer and video games software; interactive entertainment software; computer software downloaded or downloadable; electronic publications; computer software publications downloaded; data recorded electronically from the Internet; data recorded in machine readable form from the Internet; discs, tapes, cartridges, CD-ROMs, DVDs and other magnetic, electronic or optical media, all bearing computer games, software and/or audio visual content; software applications; website applications; digital games; computer peripherals; and optically recorded data for computers; software and apparatus for downloading, transmitting, receiving, providing, publishing, extracting, encoding, decoding, reading, storing and organizing audiovisual, videographic and written data; computer software for gathering, processing, monitoring, analysing, managing and/or reporting information; computer software for gathering, processing, monitoring, analysing, managing and/or reporting information concerning usage and performance of software, applications, computer and video games, websites, virtual worlds and audio visual content; computer software for gathering, processing, analysing, managing and reporting information concerning online, internet and web site activity; computer software for data mining, data query, data processing and data analysis; computer software for designing, developing, modifying and improving computer software, applications, computer and video games, websites and audio visual content and the marketing, promotion, sale, distribution, monetisation and operation of the foregoing; information stored on electronic, magnetic and/or by optical means; publications in electronic form supplied on-line from a database or from facilities provided on the Internet or other networks (including websites); electronic notice boards; online database; sound, video and data recordings; sunglasses; records, discs, tapes, cassettes, cartridges, cards and other carriers bearing or for use in bearing sound recordings, video recordings, data, images, games, graphics, text, programs or information; memory carriers; pre-recorded video, audio and data recording media; data carriers; telephones, communications and telecommunications apparatus; mobile telephone games; mobile telephone fascias and covers; non-printed publications; films and programmes prepared for television; refrigerator magnets; instructional and teaching materials in the form of apparatus and instruments; parts and fittings for the aforesaid goods
025
Class 025
Clothing Products
Articles of clothing; footwear and headgear; t-shirts; shirts; trousers; sweatshirts; jackets; knitwear; hats; caps; baseball caps; neckwear; belts; scarves; gloves; sweat bands for wrists; shoes; socks; garments for women; garments for men; garments for children; apparel parts and fittings for all the aforesaid
...
Class 028
Toys and Sporting Goods Products
Games; toys; playthings; soft toys; board games; gymnastic and sporting articles; electronic toys and electronic games; handheld electronic games apparatus; slot machines and gaming devices; play sets and play cases; toy models; handheld games; playing cards; instructional and teaching materials in the form of games; balls; electronic amusement apparatus; amusement apparatus and instruments; amusement machines; parts, fittings and accessories for all the aforesaid goods
Class 038
Communications Services
Providing online access to computer networks, computer databases, the Internet, on-line bulletin boards, virtual worlds, servers, virtual worlds including user generated characters, and libraries of text, graphics and audio-visual and multimedia information and entertainment; providing on-line electronic bulletin board services and chat rooms; providing of an on-line service enabling physically remote players of electronic games to communicate with selected players; telecommunication and broadcasting services; broadcasting via the Internet, mobile phone networks and other telecommunications networks; telecommunication services for the collection and supply of information; electronic transmission of data and information via a global computer network; facilitating access to a worldwide computer and/or telecommunications networks for downloading computer software and information; transmission of information via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunication networks; providing access to remote data storage and servers; providing access to advertising, news, information and audio, video, text and other multimedia content, via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunications networks; provision of electronic communication links; provision of telecommunications connections and access to the Internet and/or computer databases; receipt and/or delivery of messages, documents and other data by electronic transmission; providing on-line chat room for transmission of messages among computer users concerning topics; communication and broadcasting of information and advertising by computer, computer terminals, the Internet, television, mobile communications device, telegraphy, telephone, wireless communications device or other electronic means; Internet communication services; audio visual communication services; communication services for the transmission of advertising, images, text and data, information, voices, sound and data; telecommunication and broadcasting services; broadcasting via the Internet, mobile phone networks and other telecommunications networks; electronic transmission of data and information via a global computer network; facilitating access to a worldwide computer and/or telecommunications networks for downloading computer software and information; transmission of information via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunication networks; providing access to advertising, news, information and audio, video, text and other multimedia content, via local and/or global computer and/or telecommunications networks; provision of electronic communication links; provision of telecommunications connections and access to the Internet and/or computer databases; receipt and/or delivery of messages, documents and other data by electronic transmission; communication and broadcasting of information and advertising by computer, computer terminals, the Internet, television, mobile communications device, telegraphy, telephone, wireless communications device or other electronic means; Internet communication services; audio visual communication services; communication services for the transmission of advertising, images, text and data, information, voices, sound and data; provision of information relating to communications; providing voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) peer-to-peer communications, electronic transmission of data and documents over computer terminals and instant messaging services; providing a high speed access to area networks and a global computer information network; provision of access to a website or communication network for users to share personal news, data, information, content, photos, audio and video, interests, activities and opinions and/or to receive feedback others; provision advisory and consultancy services relating to the foregoing
Class 041
Education and Entertainment Services
Entertainment and education services, in the form of electronic, computer and video games provided by means of the Internet, mobile telecommunications and other remote communications devices; internet games (non downloadable); organising of games; games (not downloadable) played via a global computer network; providing interactive and/or educational entertainment services; education and entertainment services provided by computer networks, television, mobile telephone, cable and other electronic means; presentation, preparation, editing and production of cinematographic, televisual, digital and motion picture films, radio and television programs; publishing of computer and video games and computer and video games software; provision of game player information, including information regarding a player's identity and the player's preferences, via the customised web pages; publishing of entertainment and/or educational software; arranging, organizing and conducting conferences and seminars for promotional purposes; entertainment services in the form of television programmes, radio, cable, satellite and Internet programmes; production and presentation of television programmes, shows, films, videos and DVDs; games, online games, educational services relating to entertainment; information relating to entertainment or education, provided on-line from a computer database or the Internet or by communications satellite, microwave or other electronic, digital or analogue media; publishing; organisation, production and presentation of events for educational, cultural or entertainment purposes; organisation, production and presentation of competitions, contests, games, game shows, quizzes, fun days, exhibitions, shows, roadshows, staged events, live performances and participation events; Internet based games; booking of tickets for entertainment events; information and advisory services relating to any of the aforesaid services; advisory and consultancy services in connection with the foregoing
Class 045
Personal & Legal & Social Services
Internet-based social networking services; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals; online social networking services; security services for the protection of property and individuals
Computer software; computer and video games software; interactive ente...
Wizards of the Coast LLC a Delaware Limited Liability Company
1537860 · 29 Jan 2013
009
Class 009
Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products
Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; electrical and electronic equipment in this class; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, computers; compact discs, DVDs and other digital recording media; computer hardware; computer software; application software; interactive entertainment software, including computer game software, computer game programs, computer game cartridges, computer game discs; interactive multimedia game programs; downloadable software for use in connection with computers, portable gaming devices, console gaming devices, communication devices and mobile telephones; video game software, video game programs, video game cartridges; video games discs, all for use in connection with computers; portable gaming devices, console game devices, communication devices and mobile telephones; pre-recorded compact discs, laser discs, video discs, all featuring games and films; portable electronic devices for receiving and reading text, images and sound through the Internet and for displaying electronically published materials; electronic publications (downloadable); printed publications in electronically readable form
041
Class 041
Education and Entertainment Services
Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities; publication of books, magazines and journals; publication of electronic books and journals online; publication of multimedia material online; providing online electronic publications (not downloadable)
Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optica...
The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane Trading as St Paul's School Bald Hills
2056629 · 18 Dec 2019
016
Class 016
Paper Goods and Printed Material
teaching materials for education
041
Class 041
Education and Entertainment Services
teacher training services; design of educational courses, examinations and qualifications; mentoring (education and training); educational instruction; educational services provided by schools
teaching materials for education,teacher training services; design of ...
Kabushiki Kaisha Square Enix (also trading as Square Enix Co., Ltd)
1236513 · 23 Apr 2008
009
Class 009
Computer & Software Products & Electrical & Scientific Products
Computer game software; video game software; sound recordings in the form of optical discs, magnetic discs and tapes, semiconductor ROMs featuring music and/or fictional stories; audio visual recordings in the form of optical discs, magnetic discs and tapes, semiconductor ROMs featuring music and/or animated fictional stories; prerecorded compact discs featuring music; prerecorded video discs featuring music and/or animated fictional stories; prerecorded video cassettes featuring music and/or animated fictional stories; decorative magnets; mouse pads; straps for cellular phones; sunglasses; blank memory cards; memory card cases; CD cases; computer keyboards; joysticks; video game controllers; downloadable wallpapers for computers and/or mobile phones; downloadable screensavers for computers and/or mobile phones; downloadable video recordings; downloadable musical sound recordings; downloadable ring tones for mobile phones; electronic publications in the field of computer games, video games, cartoons and general entertainment
Computer game software; video game software; sound recordings in the f...
Owners
Bubble gum interactive pty ltd (1)
Electronic arts inc. (1)
Elekktra. co pty ltd (1)
Entrepreneurs e4 pty ltd (1)
Kabushiki kaisha square enix (also trading as square enix co., ltd) (1)
Luke wolf games australia (1)
Microsoft corporation (1)
The corporation of the synod of the diocese of brisbane trading as st paul's school bald hills (1)
Wizards of the coast llc (1)
Wizards of the coast llc a delaware limited liability company (1)
Categories
Class 41 (11)
Class 9 (6)
Class 16 (4)
Class 28 (3)
Class 45 (3)
Class 25 (2)
Class 35 (2)
Class 42 (2)
Class 36 (1)
Class 38 (1)
Class 44 (1)
Correspondents
Collison & co (1)
Davies collison cave pty ltd (1)
Entrepreneurs e4 pty ltd (1)
Griffith hack (1)
Legalvision ilp pty. ltd. (1)
Luke wolf games (1)
Refer to wipo address for correspondence (1)
The corporation of the synod of the diocese of brisbane trading as st paul's school bald hills (1)
Vr realms pty limited (1)
Vault legal pty limited (1)