Computer software programs and hardware to assist in security and privilege management for computer operating systems, communication protocols, and software applications; computer software programs to assist in systems administration and security on operating systems for server computers, desktop computers, portable computers, workstation computers, and network devices and application software that support remote access protocols; computer hardware and software programs to assist in password management and security; computer software programs to assist in centralized management and reporting; computer software programs to assist in integrating host credentials into directory services