Wireless devices, namely devices that transmit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation; wireless peripherals, namely devices that interface with devices that transmit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation; mobile and wireless telephones, tablets, televisions, displays, dongles, wearable devices; wireless communication systems comprised of multiple devices that transmit and/or receive electromagnetic radiation; wireless networks providing analog and/or digital communication between or among devices transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation; wireless repeaters, namely devices which receive analog and/or digital electromagnetic radiation signals and then transmit analog and/or digital electromagnetic radiation signals; machine-executable and media software for mobile devices; wireless and wired network protocols, namely protocols that facilitate communication between and among devices through electromagnetic radiation and electricity; power management systems comprised of hardware and/or software and/or network systems and/or power systems that facilitate the management of power use and/or power sources; wireless modulation and demodulation systems comprised of hardware and/or software to process transmitted and/or received electromagnetic radiation waveforms; neural user interfaces for mobile devices; visual, auditory, tactile and vibratory interfaces for mobile devices; automobile wireless communication systems comprised of hardware and/or software for the transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic radiation for vehicles and/or the processing of such data transmitted and received and/or the interface to vehicle systems and/or to interfaces to users of vehicles; software-defined radio systems, namely executable software implementing wireless protocols and/or waveforms for wireless transmission and reception; servers and data centers hosting software-defined radio systems; wireless base stations, access points and radio heads; backhaul and fronthaul systems for wireless systems; antennas for wireless transmission and reception; Radio Access Network (RAN) systems; Cloud-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) systems